CentOS Oracle 12c 安装指南

database
  1. 1. 1. 优化、安装必要的工具
  2. 2. 2. 安装依赖
  3. 3. 3. 建立用户和组
  4. 4. 4. 创建安装、备份目录
  5. 5. 5. 更改共享内存
  6. 6. 6. 修改内核参数
  7. 7. 7. 改文件限制
  8. 8. 8. 修改登陆配置文件
  9. 9. 9. 修改 ulimit
  10. 10. 10. 修改环境变量
  11. 11. 11. 修改 hosts 文件
  12. 12. 12. 上传安装包 linuxx64_12201_database.zip
  13. 13. 13. 静默安装数据库软件
  14. 14. 14. 建立数据库
  15. 15. 15. 修改参数
  16. 16. 16. 修改 Oracle 服务启动配置

1. 优化、安装必要的工具

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[root@oracle12c ~]$ yum -y install unzip vim lrzsz
[root@oracle12c ~]$ setenforce 0
[root@oracle12c ~]$ sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
[root@oracle12c ~]$ reboot
[root@oracle12c ~]$ sed -i 's/^GSSAPIAuthentication yes$/GSSAPIAuthentication no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
[root@oracle12c ~]$ sed -i 's/#UseDNS yes/UseDNS no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
[root@oracle12c ~]$ service sshd restart

2. 安装依赖

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[root@oracle12c ~]$ yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*.i686 elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc*.i686 glibc glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686 ksh libgcc*.i686 libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel*.i686 libaio libaio*.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel*.i686 make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC*.i686 unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686 libXp

3. 建立用户和组

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[root@oracle12c ~]$ groupadd oinstall
[root@oracle12c ~]$ groupadd dba
[root@oracle12c ~]$ groupadd oper
[root@oracle12c ~]$ useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
[root@oracle12c ~]$ echo oracle | passwd --stdin oracle

4. 创建安装、备份目录

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[root@oracle12c ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0
[root@oracle12c ~]$ chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01

5. 更改共享内存

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[root@oracle12c ~]$ echo "shmfs /dev/shm tmpfs size=12g 0" >> /etc/fstab

6. 修改内核参数

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[root@oracle12c ~]$ vim /etc/sysctl.conf
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fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
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[root@oracle12c ~]$ sysctl -p

7. 改文件限制

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[root@oracle12c ~]$ vim /etc/security/limits.conf
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oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240

8. 修改登陆配置文件

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[root@oracle12c ~]$ vim /etc/pam.d/login
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session required pam_limits.so

9. 修改 ulimit

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[root@oracle12c ~]$ vim /etc/profile
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if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
    if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
        ulimit -p 16384
        ulimit -n 65536a
    else
        ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
    fi
fi

10. 修改环境变量

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[root@oracle12c ~]$ vim ~/.bash_profile
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PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0
ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID
export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8"
export PATH

11. 修改 hosts 文件

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[root@oracle12c ~]$ vim /etc/hosts
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[ipaddr] oracle12c

12. 上传安装包 linuxx64_12201_database.zip

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[oracle@oracle12c ~]$ rz

13. 静默安装数据库软件

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[oracle@oracle12c ~]$ cd database
[oracle@oracle12c database]$ ./runInstaller  -silent -ignoreSysPrereqs -ignorePrereq -responseFile /home/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp

/home/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp

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oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v12.2.0
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=dba
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=
oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall=false
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

14. 建立数据库

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[oracle@oracle12c ~]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -createDatabase -templateName General_Purpose.dbc -gdbname orcl -sid orcl -responseFile NO_VALUE -characterSet AL32UTF8 -memoryPercentage 50 -emConfiguration LOCAL

root 用户下执行以下命令

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[root@oracle12c ~]$ /oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
[root@oracle12c ~]$ /oracle/product/12.2.0/root.sh

15. 修改参数

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[oracle@oracle12c ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
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SQL> alter system set sga_target=0 scope=spfile;
SQL> alter system set pga_aggregate_target=0 scope=spfile;
SQL> alter system set db_files=2000 scope=spfile;
SQL> alter system set memory_max_target=12g scope=spfile;
SQL> alter system set memory_target=8g scope=spfile;
SQL> alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/backup/arch' scope=spfile;
SQL> alter SYSTEM set db_recovery_file_dest_size=4096M scope=spfile;
SQL> alter system set undo_retention=3600 scope=spfile;
SQL> alter system set processes=6000 scope=spfile;
SQL> alter system set sessions=8000 scope=spfile;
SQL> alter system set open_cursors=2000 scope=both;
SQL> create pfile='/tmp/pfile01.ora' from spfile;
SQL> alter system set filesystemio_options='asynch' scope=spfile;
SQL> alter system set disk_asynch_io=true SCOPE=SPFILE;
SQL> create directory expdp_dir as '/backup/expdp';
SQL> grant write,read on directory expdp_dir to public;
SQL> alter database add logfile group 4 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo04.log' size 1G;
SQL> alter database add logfile group 5 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo05.log' size 1G;
SQL> alter database add logfile group 6 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo06.log' size 1G;
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> alter system checkpoint;
SQL> alter database drop logfile group 1;
SQL> alter database drop logfile group 2;
SQL> alter database drop logfile group 3;
SQL> host rm -rf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo0[1-3].log
SQL> alter database add logfile group 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log' size  1G;
SQL> alter database add logfile group 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log' size  1G;
SQL> alter database add logfile group 3 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log' size  1G; 
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> alter system checkpoint;
SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> startup mount
SQL> alter database archivelog;
SQL> alter database open;
SQL> alter profile default limit FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS unlimited;
SQL> create pfile='/tmp/pfile02.ora' from spfile;

16. 修改 Oracle 服务启动配置

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[root@oracle12c ~]$ vim /etc/oratab
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orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0:Y
linux oracle
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